Signed as a reinforcement in the summer of 2023, the Donetsk-born goalkeeper took his first steps in football at Azovstal-2 Mariupol before joining Shakhtar Donetsk's academy as a boy.

He made his professional debut in May 2019 and, by the 2020/21 campaign, had displaced long-serving Andriy Pyatov as Shakhtar's first choice, making his UEFA Champions League bow in October 2020. Twice named Ukrainian Premier League Goalkeeper of the Year, he collected three league titles and a Ukrainian Cup in Donetsk, and produced a remarkable three penalty saves in a Europa League shoot-out against Rennes in February 2023.

Trubin joined SL Benfica on 10 August 2023 on a five-year contract and quickly established himself as the number one, adding the Taça da Liga in 2024/25 and the Supertaça Cândido de Oliveira in 2025.
On 28 January 2026 he wrote his name into European folklore, scoring a stoppage-time goal in a 4-2 Champions League win over Real Madrid to become only the fifth goalkeeper to find the net in the competition's history.

An established Ukraine international with close to thirty caps, he was part of his country's squads for UEFA Euro 2020 and Euro 2024.